Gratona/ Atlas

APPEALS & DONOR CHOICE

One Email Means Every Team

Make an email-frequency promise every sender can keep.

Write a fundraising-email promise with exact dates, apply it to every sending queue and check the delivery log to confirm it held.

Go to the messages and worksheet ↗

The decision

The finding in its setting

Damgaard and Gravert (2018) emailed about 43,500 people on DanChurchAid’s list. One version added a postscript promising a single email in the next three months, where the usual pattern was monthly. Over the first three days, 0.30% of that group unsubscribed against 0.49% for the usual email: 0.19 percentage points lower, or about 39% fewer in relative terms. Giving didn’t differ significantly. Donors who gave monthly by automatic payment weren’t included.

The tested promise covered email in general. A promise about fundraising email only, like the one below, is narrower and wasn’t what the study tested. The study doesn’t show that quarterly contact suits everyone or that fewer emails raise more money.

One promise, many senders

A development team can send one appeal and still break the promise, because the events team sends a ticket invitation, a relationship manager sends a personal ask and the platform sends an automated reminder. Each team sent one email. The donor received four.

Classify every message by its purpose, whatever the sending team calls it. Then check each donor’s delivery history across every system that can send. A combined contact history tells you whether the promise held; a count of templates per team doesn’t.

Classify by what the message asks for
MessageUsually sent byCounts as fundraising?Why
Appeal or appeal reminderDevelopment, automationYesIt asks for a gift.
Ticket invitation for a fundraising eventEventsYesIt asks for money for the organization.
Personal email asking for a giftRelationship managerYesThe sender’s relationship doesn’t change what it asks for.
Newsletter with an appeal section or donate buttonCommunicationsYesThe request is part of the message.
News-only updateCommunicationsNo, if it has no request and no giving linkWrite down what news-only means for your team.
Automated renewal or lapse reminderPlatformYesIt asks for a gift on a timer.
Gift receiptPaymentsNo, if it holds only the receiptCheck the template for added appeal text first.
Reply to a donor’s messageAnyoneNo, while it answers what they askedAdding an ask makes it a solicitation.
Logistics for a ticket already boughtEventsNo, if logistics onlyAuction or pledge promotions count.

Writing the promise

Use exact dates, name the kind of email covered and list what will still arrive. If the donor’s own words were broader, such as “just one email please,” either honor that for all email or ask what they meant before applying a narrower promise.

Keep each preference with its source and date, apply the latest one and keep the history. A preference outranks anything staff have said they’ll send. If a relationship manager offered to send a proposal and the donor has since chosen fewer fundraising emails, the proposal becomes the one email or waits until the period ends.

A campaign appeal, event ask, automatic reminder and personal staff ask all count against a shared fundraising-email promise. Choose one allowed send and suppress the other asks. Clearly agreed receipts and requested replies remain separate.
Every queue checks the same preference, and the audit reads what was delivered.

The study

Worked case

The worked cases and templates use invented people and organizations.

Ruth’s preference, and what was already scheduled

Cedar Valley Hospice’s preference page lets donors choose “One fundraising email between November 1 and January 31.” Ruth Adair, who has given every December for six years, chooses it on October 20 and receives the confirmation below. Ruth’s record also shows a September conversation in which Dan, a relationship manager, offered to send details of the family room renovation in November, and Ruth said that would be fine.

On October 23, Keisha, the operations manager, pulls every message scheduled to reach Ruth between November 1 and January 31 from every system that can send email.

The confirmation Ruth received

Sent automatically when the preference is saved. Keisha checked the wording against what each queue can honor when the preference page was set up.

The confirmation Ruth received
Subject: Your email preference is saved Hi Ruth, Thanks for letting us know. Between November 1, 2026 and January 31, 2027, Cedar Valley Hospice will send you one email asking for a donation, a ticket purchase or any other gift. That includes event invitations and personal emails from our staff. During that time you’ll still receive: - news updates with no requests for donations - a receipt for any gift you make - replies to anything you write to us If you’d prefer no news updates either, or no email from us at all, reply to this email or change your choice here: [preference page]. After January 31, you’ll hear from us as before unless you choose otherwise. Keisha [surname] Operations Manager, Cedar Valley Hospice
Messages scheduled for Ruth, November 1 to January 31 (invented record)
DateMessageQueue ownerFundraising?Decision
November 12Winter concert ticket invitation, proceeds to the hospicePaul, eventsYesSuppress
November 18Family room renovation proposal, with a requestDanYesSend. This is the one fundraising email.
November 19Monthly news updateLin, communicationsNo, news-only editionSend the news-only edition
December 1Year-end appealKeisha, developmentYesSuppress
December 14Automated renewal reminder, 12 months after Ruth’s last giftKeisha, platform ruleYesSuppress
December 17Monthly news update, led by the year-end appealLinYesSuppress
December 29Automated year-end reminderKeisha, platform ruleYesSuppress
January 21Monthly news updateLinNo, news-only editionSend the news-only edition
Any dateGift receiptPaymentsNoSend as usual. The receipt template has no appeal text.
Any dateReplies to messages from RuthWhoever Ruth writes toNo, unless an ask is addedSend

How Keisha resolved it

Dan’s proposal becomes the one fundraising email. Ruth had agreed to receive it, it’s the most specific of the six fundraising messages scheduled, and it comes from someone Ruth knows. Keisha asks Dan to keep it to one message. If Ruth replies with questions, Dan answers them, but there’s no follow-up nudge unless Ruth asks for one.

Lin’s platform can’t remove the appeal section for individual readers, so Lin sets up a news-only edition, with no appeal and no donate button, for donors with this preference. In December, when the appeal leads the newsletter, the edition is suppressed for them.

Keisha adds Ruth to the suppression list in every system that sends: the email platform, the events platform and the automation rules. Each queue owner confirms in writing that it’s applied. Dan’s calendar entry now reads “Ruth: one fundraising email agreed, November 18.”

The audit

Keisha reads delivery events every Monday during the period, and again on February 2. Drafts and scheduled sends don’t count. Keisha reads delivery logs from the email platform, the events platform and the CRM’s record of staff email, and asks relationship managers to confirm anything sent outside those systems.

Delivered to Ruth, November 1 to January 31 (invented log)
Date deliveredMessageSystemFundraising?Within the promise?
November 18Dan’s renovation proposalCRM staff email logYesYes, the one fundraising email
November 19News update, news-only editionEmail platformNoYes
November 24Dan’s answer to Ruth’s question about naming the roomCRM staff email logNo, a reply Ruth asked forYes
December 3“Last few concert tickets” reminderEvents platformYesNo
December 11Receipt for Ruth’s gift of $400PaymentsNoYes
January 21News update, news-only editionEmail platformNoYes

The December 3 reminder came from a weekly contact import into the events platform, and the import didn’t carry suppressions. Keisha finds it on the December 7 check. Ruth received two fundraising emails instead of one. Keisha fixes the import, checks the other donors with the same preference and finds eleven more who received the reminder, and tells Paul and Dan that day.

Ruth’s preferences still allow email, so Keisha sends a short apology with no mention of the concert or the appeal and no request of any kind. For the one affected donor who had since asked for no email at all, Keisha fixes the cause and records the breach without writing.

Ruth’s December gift doesn’t restart anything. The receipt went out as usual and the promise ran to January 31. The February 2 audit found no further breaches.

Keisha’s apology

Sent December 7 to donors whose preferences allow email, after the cause was fixed.

Keisha’s apology
Subject: An email we shouldn’t have sent Hi Ruth, In October you asked us to send you only one fundraising email between November 1 and January 31. On December 3 our events system sent you a reminder about concert tickets as well. That was our mistake, and we’ve fixed the setting that caused it. You don’t need to do anything. If you have a question, reply here or call me on [number]. Keisha [surname] Operations Manager, Cedar Valley Hospice

Put it to work

Your promise wording

Use it on the preference page and in the confirmation. Keep only the lines every queue can honor.

Your promise wording
Subject: Your email preference is saved Hi [first name], Between [start date] and [end date], [organization] will send you [one] email asking for a donation, a ticket purchase or any other gift. That includes event invitations and personal emails from our staff. During that time you’ll still receive: - [news updates with no requests for donations, or remove this line] - a receipt for any gift you make - replies to anything you write to us If you’d prefer [no news updates either / no email from us at all], reply to this email or change your choice here: [link]. After [end date], you’ll hear from us as before unless you choose otherwise. [Name] [Role], [Organization]

Your queue register

One register per promise. Every queue owner confirms suppression in writing, and again after any import or list rebuild.

Your queue register
FUNDRAISING EMAIL PROMISE: QUEUE REGISTER Promise, word for word: Period: Current preference (source, date): Earlier preferences (source, date): Register owner: QUEUES THAT CAN SEND EMAIL Queue | System | Owner | How suppression is applied | Confirmed (date) Central appeals | | | | Event invitations and reminders | | | | Personal asks from staff | | | | Newsletters | | | | Automated reminders and renewals | | | | Receipts | | | | Other: | | | | DEFINITIONS Counts as fundraising: News-only means: Receipt template checked for appeal text (date): MESSAGES SCHEDULED IN THE PERIOD Date | Message | Owner | Fundraising? | Send / suppress / move after period | Confirmed by 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. STAFF COMMITMENTS AFFECTED Who | What they told the donor | Resolution

Your delivery audit

Read delivery events, not drafts or schedules. Run it on a fixed day each week and after the period ends.

Your delivery audit
DELIVERY AUDIT Donor or group: Period: Checked on (dates): Sources read: ☐ Email platform delivery events ☐ Events platform ☐ CRM log of staff email ☐ Relationship managers asked about email sent outside these systems ☐ Automation logs Date delivered | Message | System | Fundraising? | Reply the donor asked for? | Within the promise? 1. 2. 3. Fundraising emails delivered: Promised: Breaches: Cause: Fixed by (name, date): Other donors affected: Donor told: ☐ yes, by [channel] on [date] ☐ no, preference doesn’t allow contact Recorded in each donor’s history: ☐

If you broke the promise

Send only if the donor’s preference allows email from you, and only after the cause is fixed. If they asked for no contact, fix it and record it without writing. Include no request.

If you broke the promise
Subject: An email we shouldn’t have sent Hi [first name], On [date] you asked us to send you only [the promise, in their terms]. On [date] we sent you [message] as well. That was our mistake. We’ve fixed [cause, in plain words], and the rest of the period will follow your choice. You don’t need to do anything. If you have a question, reply here or call me on [number]. [Name] [Role], [Organization]

The contact frequency promise kit

The promise wording, queue register, delivery audit and apology in one file, for the meeting with every team that sends email.

Download the promise kit

Exceptions

  • The donor’s words were broad, such as “just one email.” Treat it as all email, or ask what they meant before narrowing it.
  • The donor asks for no email at all. That replaces the fundraising promise at once, including news. Ask finance how receipts will reach them through a channel they allow.
  • The donor gives during the period. Send the receipt as usual. The gift doesn’t reset or extend anything.
  • The donor writes asking about an appeal. Answer it and record it as a conversation the donor started. Don’t follow up with asks they didn’t request.
  • Two records disagree. Use the latest preference stated by that person, and keep both with their sources and dates.
  • A staff member is sure the donor would welcome another ask. Don’t send it. The promise stands until the end date unless the donor changes it.

Who owns it

One person owns the register and the audit, usually in operations. Each queue owner confirms suppression in their own system, and confirms again after any import or list rebuild. Relationship managers log personal emails in the CRM or tell the register owner, because personal email often bypasses the systems the audit reads.

Check that it held

  • For each donor with the preference, fundraising emails delivered in the period match the promise, counted from delivery events.
  • Every breach has a cause, a fix, a date and a record of what the donor was told, or why they weren’t.
  • Suppression was rechecked after every import or list rebuild in the period.
  • After the end date, each donor’s messages follow their earlier preferences unless they chose something new.
Continue with the research

Mette Trier Damgaard and Christina Gravert ran email experiments with DanChurchAid, including a version that told recipients they would hear less often.

In the second experiment, find the version with the low-frequency postscript and compare its wording with the usual email. A footnote explains why unsubscribes were counted over three days. Note which donors were left out of the sample.

The hidden costs of nudging: Experimental evidence from reminders in fundraising ↗

Mette Trier Damgaard and Christina Gravert

The appeal needs urgency. The facts are still being checked.

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Prepare a local appeal test ↗